Southern pine beetle fact sheet pdf

Southern pine beetle dendroctonus frontalis pa dcnr. Across the south, from virginia, south to florida, and west to texas, pine trees are numerous and in most of the southeastern united states they are the dominant tree species. Department of agriculture usda prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status. Department of agriculture forest service forest health protection, r8 and southern research station 2007. The beetle is small, only 24 mm in length, about the size of a grain of rice, and is redbrown to black in color. Southern pine beetle in northeastern us connecticut.

The new jersey forest service has seen a dramatic increase of spb infestations in atlantic, cape may, ocean, and cumberlands counties in 2010. Cutting will start south, near bivalve trail, and progress north in areas along beach road and up the service road. The slash pine is commonly associated with the loblolly pine pinus taeda. Park in fall, 2014 i was notified many pitch pines were dead and dying in the woodlands at one of our parks in suffolk county.

Southern pine beetle, or spb, is a bark beetle that infests pine trees. Pine bark beetles general information forest health fact sheet. The southern pine beetle takes 3040 days to complete one cycle, with 5 or more cycles per year. Pdf southern pine beetle, dendroctonus frontalis coleoptera. Southern pine beetle dendroctonus frontalis this beetle is about 18inch long. United states department of agriculture, southern research station. Quantifying dispersal of southern pine beetles with markrecapture experiments and a diffusion model. Ips beetles are less aggressive than mountain pine beetle, preferring. Southern pine beetle outbreaks tend to begin in stressed stands, so keeping stands thinned and free of other competition can go a long way in preventing southern pine beetle outbreaks. Scolytidae is the most destructive insect pest of pine forests in southeastern states and in parts of mexico and central america.

Trees attacked by southern pine beetle often exhibit hundreds of resin masses i. Thinning young pine stands to minimize southern pine beetle risk pdf, 220kb. So even if you remember a year in which pine beetles spread from tree to tree killing every tree that was adjacent to an infected tree, dont assume that. Complete information, including lists and fact sheets, is available from the virginia department of conservation and recreations website. Ips bark beetles primarily colonize pine trees, but may also use other conifers. Southern pine beetle introduction southern pine beetle dendroctonus frontalis is a native bark beetle and a wellknown pest of southern forests. The southern pine beetle has not been as abundant in florida as it has been in many southern states. In 1979 alone, it killed enough timber to build 34,500 homes. Field key to beetles in pines oklahoma state university. Ips bark beetle fact sheet pdf, 456kb evidence of beetle attacks. The southern pine beetle spb dendroctonus frontalis is a forest pest that attacks stands of pine trees in new jersey. The southern pine beetle, dendroctonus frontalis, is a small insect native to north america.

The emerald ash borer beetle that has killed tens of millions of ash trees across. The southern pine beetle spb, dendroctonus frontalis, is a minute 3 mm, invasive insect that is native to southeastern states and is the most destructive insect pest of their forests. Fact sheet pa 001 introduction the southern pine beetle, dendroctonus frontalis zimmermann coleoptera. Diseases, including white pine blister rust, red ring rot, root rot, wood decay, and certain needle fungi. Outbreaks commonly originate in poorly managed or overstocked stands. Southern pine beetle, dendroctonus frontalis coleoptera. In recent years, spb has expanded outside of its native range to include. As the epidemic progresses, spot size may increase 1050 fold.

Four species of ips bark beetles live in the southeastern u. Many species of ips beetles also called engraver beetles attack pine. The southern pine beetle spb is the most destructive forest insect in the southern us, and can also. The southern pine beetle, dendroctonus frontalis zimmermann coleoptera. The southern pine beetle dendroctonus frontalis is one of the most destructive insects in the south, causing hundreds of millions of dollars in damage each year. Southern pine beetle njdep new jersey forest service. The trees are killed singly, in small groups, or in large numbers over hundreds of acres. In addition to pines, hemlocks and spruce may also be affected in highly infested areas. The southern pine beetle spb is the most destructive pine bark beetle in the south. Bark and ambrosia beetles family curculionidae, subfamily scolytinae are a diverse group of woodboring beetles found in every forest type across the world. The southern pine beetle spb, one of the most destructive forest insects in the southeastern. Southern pine beetles can kill trees singly, in small stands, or in wide swaths of thousands of trees. Some ips beetles can complete the cycle in 20 days in hot weather, with 5 or more cycles per year. Watch for beetle activity during prolonged drought.

Southern pine beetle dan gilrein extension entomologist cornell cooperative extension of suffolk county. Southern pine beetles are the most destructive forest insects in south carolina. Cone crops may be destroyed by the pine cone beetle. Dendroctonus frontalis zimmermann is native to the southern and southeastern united states, and central america from mexico to nicaragua. Natural history pitch tubes on loblolly pine photo credit. Southern pine beetle in florida university of florida.

This insect compounds the problem of infrequent seed years and is a serious threat to white pine management. Adults are dark redbrown to black in color and 116 18 in length. When beetles attack in some parts of the country, the southern pine beetle s toll is easy to see. Healthy trees are much less susceptible to insect and disease damage. The southern pine beetle spb dendroctonus frontalis zimmermann coleoptera. Southern pine beetle dendroctonus frontalis zimmermann. Its range extends from new jersey to florida to texas to illinois. Southern pine beetle egg, early instar larva, late instar larva, pupa, callow adult, mature. A field key to common adult innerbark and woodboring beetles in pines in oklahoma head visible from above. In concert with one or more species of southern pine engraver beetles, spb also may attack and kill pines in residential, recreational, or urban settings. Field key to beetles in pines oklahoma cooperative extension service.

Every step of establishing and maintaining a forest involves forest health. This project will reduce the spread of southern pine beetles in our maritime forests. This process resulted in excellent timber salvage rates during the recent southern pine beetle outbreak. All pine trees are susceptible to an infestation of southern pine beetle, including pitch pine, red pine, and jack pine. The beetle is small, only 24 mm in length, about the size of a grain of rice, and is redbrown. Southern pine beetle epidemics may carry over for sev eral years. View the southern pine beetle fact sheet pdf how spb damage pine trees.

Curculionidae is one of the most destructive bark beetles of pines pinus spp. The southern pine beetle occurs in the southern and. This document is fact sheet eny639 ig147, a series of the entomology and nematology department, florida cooperative extension service, institute of food and agricultural sciences, university of florida. Southern pine beetle prevention and restoration program. A growth and yield model for naturallyregenerated mixed shortleaf pine forests in the southern united states of america schulte, b. The southern pine bark beetle is an insect that attacks pine trees. This native bark beetle, which is smaller than a grain of rice, feeds on the living tissue under the trees bark and introduces blue stain fungi. It is native to southeastern united states from pennsylvania and new jersey to texas, and. For ips beetles, spray the entire trunk and branches. A new pest of pines and norway spruce on long island. Direct control methods for the southern pine beetle. Longleaf, like other pines, is susceptible to ips bark beetles and the black turpentine beetle, but these. These stages look like those in figure 1, southern pine beetle, except for size differences.

The southern pine beetle spb is a major threat to pine forests in the southeastern united states, mexico, and central america. The posterior portions of the elytra are rounded as viewed from the top and side. Pine beetles populations, like most bugs, are cyclical. A study of the southern pine beetle the southern pine beetle spb, dendroctonus frontalis zimmerman, is the number one killer of pine trees in the south. Many small, scattered southern pine beetle spots of 510 trees usually indicate the beginning of a serious epidemic. The united states and canada are home to approximately 600 species of bark and ambrosia beetles, some of which are found in wisconsin forests. Fall cankerworm pdf alsophila pometaria harris feeds on a variety of broadleaf tree species but is not considered a significant forest pest. Outbreaks of this pest have historically been less common in new jersey than in many other states, but the state has experienced an increase in outbreaks since 2001. These losses severely impact the natural resource base that supports the souths tourism and woodbased manufacturing industries, and also destroys the habitat. Southern pine beetle is a native insect that lives predominantly in the phloem and the inner bark of pine trees. Our arborplug treatment results are effective and are backed by proven university trials. Outbreaks last 3 to 4 years, and in kentucky occur at approximately 25 to 30year intervals because we are at the northern extreme of the spbs geographical range.

Eggs are white and larvae are crescentshaped with a dark redbrown head and a white body. The southern pine beetle spb is the most destructive forest insect in the southern us, and can also cause damage in urban settings. After more than a decade of damage in pitch pine forests of new jersey, an unprecedented range expansion of southern pine beetle spb, dendroctonus frontalis, has recently occurred with. The spb must kill its host pines to reproduce, and attacks trees en masse. They are attracted to drought stressed trees or distressed trees. Pdf on feb 5, 2019, demian f gomez and others published. Forest health fact sheet march 2017 the range of mountain pine beetle mpb extends across all 11 western states and western canada. Cutting is expected to occur throughout the fall and winter. In oregon, it is distributed in pure and mixed pine stands mostly east of the cascades. Biology in oregon, there is typically one generation of mpb per year. Like all beetles, southern pine beetle undergoes complete metamorphosis is holometabolous with four life stages.